Co-designing a resource-heavy reasoning system with a lightweight predictive evaluator can reduce execution costs by filtering interactions, with efficiency governed by the density of useful interactions.
Progress toward artificial general intelligence (AGI) has largely relied on scaling a resource-intensive executive, System-2, through larger models, more data and compute, longer reasoning, and more agents. We ask whether the next stage may come instead from co-designing it with System-1, a lightweight, semantically aware predictor that evaluates candidate interactions before execution, so that System-2 acts only on those worth their cost. Our answer is a qualified yes. We study conditional interaction, a predict--gate--execute--update loop: System-1 estimates each candidate's utility, System-2 executes those admitted by an adaptive threshold, and the outcomes update System-1. The loop…
conditional interactionpredict-gate-execute-update loopSystem-1System-2adaptive thresholdselection regretutility marginscaling efficiencyinformative compute
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- Oct 29, 2026
Summary and abstract excerpt via Hugging Face Papers ↗ · arXiv.